Computer Writing and Research Lab | University of Texas at Austin

A fun way to review terminology

So, being a lover of games (and one who is not a fan of lecturing) I came up with a great way to review terminology in rhetoric, specifically with respect to fallacies in arguments. It’s fun, it breaks up the monotony of the semester, it’s a great way to review terminology, it reinforces the lesson, and there is next to no prep time involved. This is a great alternative to a pop quiz or a way to give out bonus points. This could also work for reviewing the terminology of rhetorical devices.

Basically it’s a loose adaptation of Jeopardy (very loose) and it goes something like this:

Pre-class preparation:
1. Find about a dozen examples of fallacies in arguments and write them up on slips of paper or index cards. Pull them out of the text your working with, Google them, or make some up. Make sure they’re varied but not too long because you’ll be reading them out loud. If you have access to an overhead projector in class you can also project them.

In class preparation:
1. Organize students into groups of 3 or 4 (more if it’s a larger class, you might not want more than 6 groups).
2. On the board, draw a grid with boxes for the number of groups across the x and y axes (i.e. 6 groups = 6 x 6 grid). Across the top, label the grid A, B, C, etc. Then number the rows, 1 though 6.

Round 1:
1. Read one of the examples of the fallacies to the students. Start with an easy one that students recognize to warm them up.
2. In groups students discuss what the answer is. Give them a time limit of 60 seconds. Usually they won’t need it, but it’s good to have just in case.
3. Starting with group A, have each group tell you what they’ve decided, and write their decision down in their corresponding box for question no. 1.
4. Once you’ve gone around and gotten all the teams’ answers, you tell them the correct answer.
5. Each team that answered correctly gets a point.
6. Sometimes, if the argument is ambiguous, students might try to convince you that their answer is correct. Let them. If they can, then give them the point (or a percentage of the point), especially if it’s ambiguous. What’s important is that they can argue in defense of their answer.
7. For the subsequent rounds, start by reading a statement.
8. After giving the students a minute to agree on their answers, let team B answer first. For round 3 let team C answer first. For round 4, start with team D, and so forth. This will give each team the opportunity to start off each round.
9. As the rounds progress, the fallacies should get more ambiguous and challenging.

Scoring:
After going through the rounds, tally up the scores. Each team that gets a perfect score (or the highest) gets x points (you decide). Each team that scores the next best score gets a percentage of x points, and so on. You can leave it at that and just let the winners walk away with the bonus points. I’m a softy, so all my teams usually get bonus points.

It’s fun, especially when they start trying to convince you that their answers are right.

This worked well for my class

Thanks for the suggestion. My class seemed to enjoy it and it worked well. I also ended up giving "extra points" for teams that could come up with strategies that would make the statements legitimate - what sort of evidence is missing or needed? How could this analogy be changed so that it is no longer false? etc.

Also, see Sarah Jett's fallacy debate

. . . on efiles. It worked awesome for my class.

Students Love Fallacies

I just thought I'd mention that rhetorical fallacies always seem to go over well in my class, no matter how I present them (I've done the debate I posted on eFiles, but I sometimes do other things, too). My students just respond so well to them that I probably give them too much emphasis.

Maybe they like them so much because I find them exciting and fun. I'm not sure why I do. I think it's because I like thinking of examples. (I always liked those vocabulary activities that ask you to make up sentences for no purpose other than to show that you know what a word means in context. I wish I could get a Ph.D. just by making up diverting, unrelated sentences.)

It also works pretty well to pretend to be reaching for an example, not coming up with anything, or coming up with something not quite right. Particularly if I say something that seems quite absurd (because it's a bad example, reaching too much), everybody will react and start talking trying to help. They like this because it feels chaotic, but actually, we end up having very productive discussions, generated almost entirely by them. In the process of attempting to give me the best example, they come up with all sorts of insights about how rhetoric is being used in the text we're discussing, reacting to one another's ideas.

Also, because fallacies are so easy for them to grasp, we can do a lot with application. If we watch a film clip in class, then discuss rhetorical fallacies, students can immediately jump in and start pointing out fallacies they remember from the film. I always teach the fallacies based on one textbook that broke them down into Ethos, Pathos, or Logos related issues. This is useful because students seem more willing to point out something that is "wrong" than to notice something working correctly because they have trouble knowing what to look for. But once they've identified a fallacy, they are sometimes able to figure out why it was "wrong" and how it should be "right." By noticing the deliberate or accidental misuse of rhetorical strategies, they often come to understand why concepts like ethos might be important beyond trying to learn jargon for a quiz.